serpiiniperheen

Serpiiniperheen is a Finnish term that translates to "serpentine family" and refers to a group of mineral species characterized by their fibrous or bladed habit and their chemical composition, which often includes magnesium, iron, and hydroxyl groups. These minerals are typically found in metamorphic rocks, particularly those that have undergone serpentinization, a process where olivine and pyroxene minerals are altered by water.

The most common mineral within the serpentine group is antigorite, known for its platy or lamellar structure. Lizardite is another common member, often appearing in massive or fibrous forms. Chrysotile, a fibrous variety, is perhaps the most well-known due to its historical use as asbestos, although its commercial mining has significantly declined due to health concerns. Other less common serpentine minerals include clinochrysotile, orthochrysotile, and berthierine.

Serpentine minerals are generally soft and have a relatively low specific gravity. Their colors can vary widely, ranging from green in various shades to yellow, brown, and even black. They often exhibit a waxy or greasy luster. Due to their association with serpentinization, they are commonly found in ophiolites, which are remnants of oceanic crust and upper mantle that have been thrust onto continental crust.

While historically significant for its asbestos applications, serpentine minerals today are primarily of interest to geologists for understanding metamorphic processes and tectonic history. Some varieties of serpentine can be used as gemstones, such as Bowenite, which is a translucent green variety of serpentine. Their widespread occurrence makes them important indicators of specific geological environments.