senatorial

Senatorial is an adjective relating to a senator or to a senate, the legislative chamber in many countries. It is used to describe people (senatorial candidates), processes (senatorial elections), privileges, or districts connected with a senate. The term is derived from the Latin senator, from senex, meaning old man.

In the United States, the word appears in phrases such as senatorial courtesy, a long-standing practice by which U.S. senators influence or approve the nomination of individuals to federal courts and other positions, typically deferring to home-state senators before a nomination proceeds. The term can also describe things associated with the Senate itself, such as senatorial sessions or senatorial members.

Some countries and historical systems designate a senatorial district, a territorial subdivision used to elect a senator. The existence and boundaries of senatorial districts vary by jurisdiction and period, with some legislatures electing senators by statewide vote and others using smaller districts.

Senatorial roles often include debating and voting on legislation, ratifying treaties, and performing oversight, depending on the constitutional framework of the country. The term is common in political science, comparative studies, and journalism.