sejtproliferációs

Sejtproliferáció refers to the process by which cells increase in number. This occurs through cell division, most commonly mitosis, where a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells. This fundamental biological process is essential for growth, development, and tissue repair in multicellular organisms. In unicellular organisms, it is the primary mode of reproduction.

The regulation of cell proliferation is tightly controlled. Specific molecular signals, known as growth factors, often initiate and promote cell division. Conversely, inhibitory signals and cell cycle checkpoints ensure that proliferation occurs only when and where it is needed, preventing uncontrolled growth. These checkpoints monitor DNA integrity and ensure proper chromosome segregation.

Disruptions in the regulation of cell proliferation can have significant consequences. Uncontrolled and excessive cell proliferation is a hallmark of cancer, where cells divide without regard for normal regulatory mechanisms. Conversely, insufficient proliferation can impair wound healing and contribute to degenerative diseases. Understanding the intricate mechanisms of sejtproliferáció is therefore crucial in fields such as developmental biology, regenerative medicine, and oncology.