seisten

Seisten is the adverbial participle of the Finnish verb seistä, meaning to stand. It expresses that an action in the main clause occurs while the subject is standing. The form is invariable and is typically used in written Finnish or formal narration to indicate simultaneity or condition. In everyday speech, speakers more often render the idea with finite verb forms or other constructions. Seisten may appear at the beginning or in the middle of a sentence: "Seisten hän puhui," and "Hän puhui seisten."

Relation to other forms: Seisten is part of a broader set of adverbial participles in Finnish, such as istuen from istua (to sit), which express concurrent actions. These non-finite forms provide a compact way to relate actions without repeating the main verb in a subordinate clause.

Usage notes: The adverbial participle seisten typically modifies the subject of the sentence and can add descriptive nuance to narration. It is commonly found in descriptive or instructional writing and can be used to convey atmosphere or sequence without altering the main clause’s tense.

See also: Finnish grammar, adverbial participles, istuen.