secondlayer
Second-layer, or second-layer solutions, are protocols built on top of a blockchain's base layer (layer 1) to improve scalability, throughput, and user experience. They move most transactions off the main chain while periodically anchoring data or proofs to layer 1 to preserve security and finality.
Common approaches include state channels, sidechains, and rollups. State channels enable participants to transact off-chain with
Notable implementations include the Lightning Network for Bitcoin as a payment-focused second layer; on Ethereum, optimistic
Advantages include higher transaction throughput, lower fees, and faster finality for user-facing operations. Limitations and trade-offs
Second-layer solutions are widely used for payments and DeFi use cases, and they continue to evolve as