schoolsNyaya
Nyaya is one of the six orthodox (astika) schools of Indian philosophy. Its name, from the Sanskrit nyaya meaning "method" or "logic," reflects its focus on epistemology, reasoning, and the means of obtaining valid knowledge. The school is traditionally attributed to the sage Gautama, who is said to have authored the Nyaya Sutras, and it was later developed through commentaries and debates in classical India.
Nyaya identifies five pramanas (means of knowledge): pratyaksa (perception), anumāna (inference), upamāna (analogy or conceptual similarity),
Central to Nyaya is a five-member syllogism for argument: pratijñā (the proposition to be established), hetu
Nyaya scholars typically aligned with Vaisheshika to form Nyaya-Vaisheshika, presenting a realist ontology with categories such
Over centuries, Nyaya influenced Indian logic, debate, and epistemology, shaping discussions with Buddhist logicians and later