scafandro

A scafandro, also known as a space suit, is a specialized garment designed to protect astronauts and cosmonauts during extravehicular activity (EVA) in the harsh environment of space. The term "scafandro" is derived from the Italian words "scafo" meaning "hull" and "andro" meaning "man," reflecting its original use for protecting astronauts. Today, the term is more commonly associated with the broader concept of space suits used by both men and women.

Space suits are essential for providing life support, mobility, and protection against the vacuum of space, extreme temperatures, and micrometeoroids. They typically consist of a pressurized inner layer, a thermal micrometeoroid garment (TMG) for insulation and protection, and an outer layer for additional protection and mobility. The most well-known space suits are those used by NASA for missions to the Moon and the International Space Station (ISS), as well as the Russian Orlan suits used by cosmonauts.

Space suits have evolved significantly over the years, with advancements in materials science and technology leading to more efficient and durable designs. Modern space suits are designed to be lightweight, flexible, and comfortable, allowing astronauts to perform a wide range of tasks during EVAs. They also include advanced systems for communication, life support, and environmental control, ensuring the safety and well-being of the astronauts during their missions.