savbázisegyensúly

Sav-bázis egyensúly refers to the delicate balance of acids and bases within a system, most commonly within biological organisms like the human body. This balance is crucial for maintaining proper cellular function and overall health. In biological contexts, the primary focus is on the acid-base balance of the blood, which is maintained within a very narrow pH range. Deviations from this range can have serious, even life-threatening, consequences.

Several physiological systems work together to regulate acid-base balance. The respiratory system plays a role by controlling the amount of carbon dioxide (an acid) exhaled. The kidneys are also vital, as they can excrete or reabsorb acids and bases, and they can also produce bicarbonate, a key buffer. Buffers are chemical systems present in the blood that resist changes in pH. The most important buffer system in the blood is the bicarbonate buffer system, which involves carbonic acid and bicarbonate ions.

When there is an excess of acid, the body tries to neutralize it using buffers and by increasing carbon dioxide exhalation. When there is an excess of base, the body attempts to compensate by retaining carbon dioxide and excreting more base through the kidneys. Disruptions to this equilibrium can lead to acid-base imbalances such as acidosis (too much acid or too little base) or alkalosis (too much base or too little acid). These imbalances can be caused by various factors, including metabolic disorders, respiratory problems, or kidney disease.