sarisa

The sarisa was a long pike weapon used by the ancient Macedonian army. Its length typically ranged from 13 to 18 feet, though some historical accounts suggest even longer variations. This formidable weapon was the primary offensive tool of the Macedonian phalanx, a military formation known for its dense, disciplined ranks. The sarisa's significant length allowed the front ranks of the phalanx to thrust their pikes over the shields of the enemy, while the rear ranks provided support and protected the flanks.

Developed by Philip II of Macedon, the sarisa represented a significant evolution in infantry warfare. Its effective use required extensive training and coordination within the phalanx. Soldiers had to learn to maneuver the lengthy weapon, maintain formation, and synchronize their movements to create a bristling wall of sharp points. The sarisa's reach gave the Macedonian army a distinct advantage in battle, contributing to their military dominance in the 4th century BCE and beyond, particularly under Alexander the Great. While effective, its length also presented challenges in close-quarters combat or uneven terrain. The sarisa was typically made of ash or cornel wood and tipped with an iron or bronze spearhead.