sanguinivore

A sanguinivore is an organism that feeds on blood. This feeding behavior, known as hematophagy, is a form of parasitism or predation, depending on the specific relationship between the sanguinivore and its host or prey. Blood is a rich source of protein and iron, making it a valuable food source for these creatures.

Many insects are sanguinivores, including mosquitoes, fleas, ticks, and lice. These ectoparasites typically feed on the blood of vertebrates, often causing irritation and transmitting diseases. Some species of bats are also sanguinivores, specifically the common vampire bat, Desmodus rotundus, which feeds exclusively on the blood of other animals, primarily mammals and birds.

While less common, some vertebrates also exhibit sanguinivorous behavior. For example, certain species of fish, such as the candiru, are known to feed on the blood of other fish. The Hagfish, a primitive marine animal, is also a type of scavenger that feeds on dead and dying fish, and is sometimes described as having sanguinivorous tendencies due to its blood-feeding habits.

The act of feeding on blood can be specialized. Many sanguinivores have evolved specific mouthparts or adaptations to pierce the skin of their hosts and to prevent blood clotting, allowing them to feed efficiently. The study of sanguinivores is important in understanding disease transmission and ecological interactions within various ecosystems.