sanderling

The sanderling (Calidris alba) is a small wading bird in the sandpiper family Scolopacidae. It breeds in Arctic regions of Eurasia and North America and migrates to coastlines worldwide during winter, often following the changing seasons along oceans and seas.

It measures about 16-20 cm in length with a short, straight bill and pale legs. Plumage changes with season: winter plumage is pale gray above and white below, giving a clean, sandy look, while breeding plumage shows darker markings on the crown and back and more contrast on the neck.

Sanderlings inhabit sandy beaches, mudflats, and rocky coastlines. They are known for running along the shore ahead of retreating waves, then probing and picking small invertebrates from the wet sand or shallow water.

They nest on Arctic tundra, creating a shallow scrape lined with vegetation. Typical clutch is three to four eggs; both parents incubate and feed the chicks, which are precocial. The species undertakes long-distance seasonal migrations between breeding and wintering grounds.

The sanderling has a wide global distribution and is listed as Least Concern by the IUCN. While coastal development and disturbance can affect local populations, overall numbers are believed to be stable.