saltvannsintrengning

Saltvannsintrengning, also known as saltwater intrusion, is the movement of saline water into freshwater aquifers. This phenomenon occurs naturally in coastal areas where the hydraulic head of groundwater is lower than the pressure exerted by the adjacent seawater. Human activities can significantly exacerbate saltwater intrusion. Excessive groundwater pumping, particularly for irrigation and industrial purposes, lowers the freshwater table, reducing the pressure that keeps seawater at bay. Coastal development, construction of canals, and drainage ditches can also create direct pathways for saltwater to reach freshwater sources.

The consequences of saltwater intrusion are significant. It contaminates freshwater wells, rendering the water unsuitable for drinking, agriculture, and industrial use. This can lead to economic hardship for communities reliant on these freshwater sources. In coastal ecosystems, increased salinity can harm or kill freshwater-dependent vegetation, impacting biodiversity and habitat for wildlife. Remediation efforts can be costly and challenging, often involving reducing groundwater extraction, building barriers, or employing advanced water treatment technologies. Monitoring groundwater levels and salinity is crucial for early detection and management of saltwater intrusion.