salicylalcohol

Salicylalcohol, also called o-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, is an aromatic primary alcohol with the molecular formula C7H8O2. It consists of a benzene ring bearing a hydroxyl group at the ortho position relative to a hydroxymethyl substituent, i.e., 2-hydroxybenzyl alcohol. It is the reduced derivative of salicylaldehyde.

Synthesis and occurrence: It is typically prepared by selective reduction of salicylaldehyde (2-hydroxybenzaldehyde) using reducing agents such as sodium borohydride or catalytic hydrogenation. It is mainly used as an intermediate in organic synthesis rather than as a commercial bulk chemical.

Reactivity and properties: The molecule contains both a phenolic OH and a primary alcohol, enabling hydrogen bonding and diverse transformations. The primary alcohol can be oxidized to salicylaldehyde or to salicylic acid, while the phenolic OH can be alkylated or acylated to give ethers or esters. The compound is relatively polar and participates in standard reactions of benzyl alcohols and phenols.

Applications: Salicylalcohol is employed as a building block in the synthesis of dyes, fragrances, and pharmaceutical intermediates. It can be converted into derivatives such as salicylaldehyde and various o-hydroxyaryl compounds.

Safety: Handling should follow general laboratory safety for aromatic alcohols. It may irritate skin or eyes and should be used with adequate ventilation and protective equipment. Consult official safety data for specific properties and hazards. See also salicylaldehyde and salicylic acid.