sTRAILRs

sTRAILRs are soluble forms of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptors (TRAILRs). TRAIL is a protein that plays a role in programmed cell death, also known as apoptosis. TRAIL can bind to specific receptors on the surface of cells, triggering apoptosis. There are several TRAIL receptors, including TRAIL-R1, TRAIL-R2, TRAIL-R3, TRAIL-R4, and TRAIL-R5. The soluble forms, sTRAILRs, are shed from the cell surface or are alternatively spliced products.

These soluble receptors can exist in the bloodstream and other bodily fluids. Their presence and levels are often investigated in various disease states. sTRAILRs are thought to act as decoy receptors. By binding to TRAIL in circulation, they can prevent TRAIL from interacting with its membrane-bound receptors on target cells. This interaction could potentially inhibit TRAIL-mediated apoptosis.

Research has explored the role of sTRAILRs in cancer, autoimmune diseases, and infectious diseases. Changes in sTRAILR levels have been observed in patients with certain types of cancer, and their correlation with disease progression or treatment response is an area of ongoing study. Similarly, their involvement in inflammatory and immune responses is being investigated. The exact biological functions and clinical significance of sTRAILRs are still subjects of active research.