røntgenstrålekrystalloografi

Røntgenstrålek, also known as X-rays, are a form of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths shorter than ultraviolet light and longer than gamma rays. Discovered by Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen in 1895, they are produced when high-speed electrons strike a metal target.

The primary application of X-rays is in medical imaging. Due to their ability to penetrate soft tissues but be absorbed by denser materials like bone and metal, X-rays create images that reveal internal structures of the body. This is crucial for diagnosing fractures, detecting tumors, and examining organs. Medical X-rays use relatively low doses of radiation.

Beyond medicine, X-rays have industrial uses, including inspecting materials for defects, analyzing crystal structures (X-ray crystallography), and in security scanners at airports. In astronomy, X-ray telescopes observe celestial objects that emit X-rays, providing insights into phenomena like black holes and supernovae.

While beneficial, exposure to high doses of X-rays can be harmful, as the radiation can damage cells and increase cancer risk. Therefore, safety protocols are strictly followed in all applications involving X-ray generation and use, minimizing exposure for both professionals and patients.