rövidzárba

Short circuit is an electrical fault that allows current to flow along an unintended path. This unintended path typically has very low electrical impedance, leading to a very large electric current. Short circuits can occur when a live conductor comes into contact with a neutral conductor, or when a conductor touches a grounded object. They can also happen internally within electrical components due to insulation failure or damage.

The primary consequence of a short circuit is excessive heat generation due to the high current. This heat can melt insulation, damage wires, and potentially cause fires. In systems with fuses or circuit breakers, a short circuit will typically cause these protective devices to activate, interrupting the flow of electricity and preventing further damage. Without such protection, the high current can lead to severe damage to the electrical system and connected equipment, and pose a significant safety hazard.

Causes of short circuits vary widely. In household wiring, damaged insulation on wires, faulty appliances, or improper installation can lead to a short. In industrial settings, vibration, corrosive environments, or mechanical stress can compromise insulation. The resulting large current can cause significant voltage drops across the circuit, affecting the operation of other connected devices. Understanding and preventing short circuits is a fundamental aspect of electrical safety and system reliability.