rõhutanud

Rõhutanud is an Estonian verb form, the past active participle of the verb rõhutama, meaning to emphasize or stress. It indicates that the act of emphasizing has been performed by the subject and is typically used in perfect tenses with the auxiliary olema, as in Ta on rõhutanud oma seisukohta (He has emphasized his position).

As a participial form, rõhutanud can function in non-finite clauses and, like other participles, may modify a noun or introduce a subordinate clause. It denotes a completed emphasis rather than a current action. In sentences, it appears in combinations with auxiliary verbs to express completed emphasis, such as in descriptions of what someone has emphasized.

Rõhutanud is contrasted with the passive past participle form rõhutatud, which describes something that has been emphasized rather than the actor who performed the emphasis. Rõhutatud tends to focus on the result or the object of emphasis, while rõhutanud centers on the subject performing the emphasis.

Etymology follows the verb rõhutama, from which the participial form is derived by the standard past active participle suffix -nud. The word is used in formal and written Estonian to convey that emphasis has been explicitly made by a person or group.