rénale

Rénale is the French adjective meaning kidney-related. In medical terminology, terms such as artère rénale (renal artery) and maladie rénale (kidney disease) reflect its usage. The English equivalent is renal.

The kidneys are paired retroperitoneal organs that filter blood and form urine. Each kidney comprises the cortex and medulla, organized into nephrons as the functional units. Nephron processes include glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, and tubular secretion, producing urine while conserving water, electrolytes, and acid-base balance. The renin-angiotensin system helps regulate blood pressure, and the kidneys synthesize erythropoietin and activate vitamin D.

Common renal conditions include acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease, nephrolithiasis (kidney stones), glomerulonephritis, and tubulointerstitial diseases. Diagnosis relies on history, laboratory tests (creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate, electrolytes), and imaging (ultrasound, CT). Treatment depends on the condition and may involve hydration, medications, dialysis, or transplantation. Prevention focuses on blood pressure and diabetes management, hydration, and avoiding nephrotoxins.

Usage notes: In French medical texts, rénale appears in phrases like artère rénale, veine rénale, insuffisance rénale, and maladie rénale. The term is used across anatomy, physiology, pathology, and radiology to describe structures, functions, and disorders of the kidney.