råvann

Råvann, or raw water, is water drawn directly from natural sources such as wells, springs, rivers, or rainwater that has not undergone any treatment or disinfection intended for drinking. It contrasts with municipally supplied drinking water that is disinfected and regulated to meet health standards.

The chemical and biological composition depends on the source and local geology; råvann may contain minerals, sediments, and dissolved gases, and may carry microorganisms or contaminants. Proponents point to natural taste and lower processing, while critics emphasize variability and potential hazards.

Health risks include microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites, as well as chemical contaminants from agricultural runoff, industry, or naturally occurring substances. Risk is highly source-specific. Boiling for at least one minute (three minutes at higher elevations) kills many pathogens; filtration and disinfection can reduce risk but may not remove all hazards.

Regulation and practice vary by country. In many places the sale of untreated drinking water is restricted or discouraged; some individuals drink råvann from private sources despite warnings. Public health guidance generally emphasizes safety, source protection, and testing.

Practical considerations include ensuring a protected source, regular testing for indicator organisms like coliform bacteria, and proper storage in clean containers. When in doubt, consult local guidelines and consider treating råvann before consumption.