rotorul

The rotor is the rotating part of many machines and devices that converts or transmits energy through rotary motion. It typically surrounds or is surrounded by a stationary element, the stator, and transmits torque, speed, or power through shafts or other couplings. In electrical machines, the rotor carries windings, poles, or permanent magnets and interacts with the stator's magnetic field to produce torque or electromotive force.

In electrical motors and generators, rotor designs vary by type. Induction motors use a wound or squirrel-cage rotor; synchronous machines may employ salient poles or permanent magnets. The rotor is built from laminated metal to reduce eddy current losses, and features such as slotted or skewed laminations, air gaps, and cooling pathways are optimized for performance and reliability. Rotor speed determines machine behavior relative to the stator field, with concepts such as slip in induction machines and synchronous speed in synchronous machines.

In turbomachinery, the rotor is the rotating assembly that converts fluid energy into shaft power. Steam, gas, or hydraulic turbines use rotors composed of discs or shafts with attached blades or buckets. Rotor dynamics, blade attachment, and balance are critical for efficiency and safety, as high speeds can provoke resonance and vibration.

In rotorcraft and wind turbines, the main rotor provides lift or energy extraction. In helicopters, the main rotor and tail rotor drive a set of wings-like blades through a hub and control mechanisms; in wind turbines, rotor blades mounted on a hub spin to harvest wind energy, connected to a gearbox or direct-drive generator.

Maintenance concerns include balancing, bearing lubrication, alignment, and inspection for cracks or delamination.

See also: stator, turbomachinery, rotorcraft, rotor blade.