rifiutato

Rifiutato is the past participle of the Italian verb rifiutare, meaning to refuse or to reject. It is used both as a verbal form in compound tenses and as an adjective describing something that has been refused or rejected. The form changes for gender and number (rifiutato, rifiutata, rifiutati, rifiutate) when used as an adjective, and it also participates in passive constructions with essere.

As a verbal participle, rifiutato appears in tenses such as the present perfect and the past perfect, for example Ho rifiutato l’offerta (I refused the offer) or La proposta è stata rifiutata (The proposal has been refused). In passive or adjectival use, the participle agrees with the subject, as in La domanda è stata rifiutata. When used in phrases with other auxiliaries, the form generally follows standard agreement rules: the participle may remain invariable in some active constructions, but it agrees in gender and number in dependent phrases or when the object precedes the verb.

Common contexts include formal settings such as job applications, invitations, or proposals, where a person, a document, or a plan can be rifiutato. The noun corresponding to the act of refusing is rifiuto, while rifiutato as an adjective emphasizes the outcome of a decision.

Etymology traces rifiutato to rifiutare, itself derived from Latin refutare, reflecting the sense of driving back or denying. The term remains widely used in everyday Italian to denote rejection in both personal and formal contexts.