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ribosoomassemblage

Ribosoomassemblage, or ribosome assembly, is the cellular process by which ribosomal subunits are formed from ribosomal RNA and ribosomal proteins into mature ribosomes capable of protein synthesis. It is a highly coordinated, energy-dependent sequence that occurs in all living cells, with distinct pathways in eukaryotes and prokaryotes.

In eukaryotes, assembly begins in the nucleolus, where ribosomal RNA genes are transcribed and processed with

In bacteria and archaea (prokaryotes), assembly occurs in the cytoplasm and often proceeds cotranscriptionally with rRNA

Ribosome assembly is essential for cellular growth and health. Defects in biogenesis can lead to ribosomopathies,

the
help
of
small
nucleolar
RNPs.
Ribosomal
proteins,
synthesized
in
the
cytoplasm,
are
imported
into
the
nucleus
and
assemble
with
rRNA
to
form
precursor
particles
such
as
pre-40S
and
pre-60S
subunits.
A
network
of
assembly
factors,
including
GTPases
and
ATPases,
guides
rRNA
folding,
processing,
and
the
sequential
incorporation
of
proteins.
Quality
control
steps
check
proper
folding
and
composition
before
the
subunits
are
exported
to
the
cytoplasm,
where
final
maturation
yields
the
functional
40S
and
60S
subunits
that
combine
to
form
the
80S
ribosome
during
translation
initiation.
synthesis.
The
basic
structure
converges
on
30S
and
50S
subunits,
which
are
assembled
with
a
set
of
ribosomal
proteins
and
a
smaller
repertoire
of
assembly
factors.
Modifications
of
rRNA
and
timed
incorporation
of
proteins
ensure
correct
assembly
and
function.
including
certain
anemias
and
developmental
disorders,
illustrating
the
critical
link
between
assembly
and
cellular
physiology.