returnmapping
Return mapping is a numerical integration technique used in computational plasticity to update the constitutive equations of elastoplastic materials during a time step. The method is designed to enforce the plasticity yield condition by projecting a trial elastic stress back onto the yield surface, hence the term "return mapping."
During a step, an elastic predictor is formed by assuming the material deforms elastically with the current
For common models, the correction is often performed along the direction of the deviatoric stress (radial return)
Applications and considerations: Return mapping is widely used in metal forming, stamping, and structural analyses where