retrogradism

Retrogradism is a term used in philosophy, political theory, and cultural criticism to describe a stance that seeks to reverse or lessen the effects of modernization by returning to earlier social forms, values, or institutions. The word derives from Latin retrogradus, meaning moving backward; in academic usage it is often linked to discussions of reactionary or traditionalist currents.

Historically, retrogradist tendencies have appeared in various settings: monarchist restorations, religious counter-movements, and anti-liberal nationalist movements.

Key features include emphasis on tradition, hierarchy, communal or religious authority, and skepticism toward liberal individualism, secularization, and rapid social change. Advocates may argue that past social orders provided stability, identity, or cohesion.

Critics argue that retrogradism can impede rights, pluralism, and scientific progress; some note it can mask power dynamics by presenting them as "return to tradition."

Relationship to other concepts: while conservatism often supports cautious reform, retrogradism explicitly aims to move backward; some scholars treat retrogradism as a form of reactionary thought.

In modern discourse, retrogradism can describe nostalgia-driven or anti-modern tendencies in culture and politics.

See also: reactionary, traditionalism, anti-modernism.