reproductivehealth

Reproductive health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being in all aspects of the reproductive system and its processes. It encompasses the ability to have a satisfying and safe sex life, the capability to reproduce, and the freedom to decide if, when and how often to do so. The World Health Organization defines reproductive health as not merely the absence of disease or infirmity but a positive state of well-being related to reproduction.

Core components include family planning and contraception; safe pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum care; infertility evaluation and treatment; sexual health and function; prevention and treatment of sexually transmitted infections; and access to safe, legal abortion where permitted. Menstrual health and gynecologic conditions also fall within the scope of reproductive health, as do services across the life course—from adolescence to older age.

Rights and access are central to reproductive health. This includes the right to information, voluntary decision-making, informed consent, privacy and confidentiality, and non-discrimination. Equitable access to high-quality, affordable services regardless of age, gender, income, location or status is essential, as is culturally sensitive care that respects diverse needs.

Public health practice focuses on improving outcomes through ready access to a range of services, quality of care, and supportive policies. Indicators commonly used include contraceptive prevalence, unmet need for family planning, maternal and neonatal mortality, unsafe abortion rates, and rates of sexually transmitted infections. Addressing social determinants and ensuring resilience in health systems are ongoing priorities.