renæssance

Renaissance is a term used to describe the period of European cultural, artistic, political, and intellectual revival that began in Italy during the late 14th century and spread across Europe until the 17th century. The word "Renaissance" means "rebirth" in French, reflecting the renewed interest in classical antiquity, including the arts, philosophy, and sciences. This era marked a transition from the medieval period to early modernity, characterized by a surge in artistic expression, scientific inquiry, and humanist philosophy.

During the Renaissance, there was a significant advancement in the arts, with figures such as Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael producing influential works that emphasized realism, perspective, and human emotion. In addition, the period saw the development of new artistic techniques, including linear perspective and chiaroscuro. Renaissance scholars revived classical texts from Ancient Greece and Rome, which influenced philosophy, literature, and education, fostering a human-centered worldview.

The period also witnessed important innovations in science and technology, exemplified by figures like Nicolaus Copernicus and Galileo Galilei, who challenged traditional views of the cosmos. The invention of the printing press by Johannes Gutenberg around 1440 facilitated the dissemination of ideas, making books more accessible and promoting literacy and learning.

Politically and socially, the Renaissance contributed to the rise of nation-states and shifting power dynamics, alongside increased engagement with trade and exploration. This era laid the groundwork for subsequent developments in art, science, and philosophy that shaped modern Western civilization.

The Renaissance is regarded as a pivotal epoch in history that fostered the transition from medieval to modern perspectives, emphasizing individualism, innovation, and a renewed appreciation for human potential.