reltív

Relatív is an adjective used in several languages, most notably Hungarian and English, to denote dependence on context, reference, or comparison rather than on an absolute standard. It describes properties, values, or statements that vary with frame of reference or surrounding conditions. The form reáltív or reltív can appear as a misspelling or transcription variant in some texts.

In physics, relativity refers to the dependence of observations on the observer’s frame of reference. Relative velocity, time dilation, and length contraction illustrate how measurements can change with motion and perspective. The theory of relativity, developed in the 20th century, unifies space and time in a framework where physical laws are consistent across inertial frames.

In linguistics, a relative clause is a subordinate clause that modifies a noun, supplying additional information. For example: “The book that I borrowed was excellent.” In Hungarian, the corresponding term is typically translated as relatív mellékmondat, highlighting its role in linking clauses to nouns.

In mathematics and statistics, relative quantities express comparisons rather than absolute amounts. Relative risk, relative frequency, and various ratios provide proportional measures. Percentages are a common form of relative measurement.

In philosophy and ethics, relativism is the view that truth, value judgments, and norms are contingent on cultural, historical, or personal frameworks rather than universal standards.

Etymology: Relatív derives from Latin relativus, meaning “connected with” or “concerning,” and has spread into many languages with related senses of comparison and dependence. In everyday usage, relatív typically contrasts with absolút (absolute) or universal concepts.