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Regression testing is a type of software testing that ensures that recent changes to a software application do not adversely affect existing functionality. It is typically performed after updates, bug fixes, or new features have been implemented. The primary goal of regression testing is to confirm that the software behaves as expected and that no new defects have been introduced.

Regression testing can be conducted manually or automated. Manual regression testing involves human testers executing predefined test cases to verify the software's functionality. Automated regression testing, on the other hand, uses scripts and tools to run tests automatically, which can be more efficient and consistent. Both methods have their advantages and are often used in combination to ensure thorough testing.

There are several approaches to regression testing, including:

1. Retest all: This approach involves re-executing all test cases, which ensures comprehensive coverage but can be time-consuming.

2. Regression test selection: This method involves selecting a subset of test cases that are most likely to be affected by the changes made to the software.

3. Prioritized regression test selection: This approach prioritizes test cases based on their importance or the risk they pose, allowing for more focused testing.

Regression testing is an essential part of the software development lifecycle, helping to maintain the quality and reliability of software applications. It is particularly important in agile development environments where frequent updates and changes are common. By regularly performing regression testing, developers can identify and fix issues early, reducing the risk of defects reaching the end-users.