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Regression testing is a type of software testing that verifies that recent changes to a software application have not adversely affected existing functionality. It is typically performed after updates, bug fixes, or new feature implementations to ensure that the software still behaves as expected. Regression testing can be manual or automated, and it is an essential part of the software development lifecycle, particularly in agile and continuous integration/continuous deployment (CI/CD) environments.

The primary goal of regression testing is to detect defects that may have been introduced during the development process. This is achieved by re-executing a predefined set of test cases that have previously passed. These test cases are designed to cover critical functionalities and are often based on requirements, use cases, or user stories. Regression testing can be time-consuming and resource-intensive, especially for large and complex software systems. Therefore, it is often automated using test automation frameworks and tools to improve efficiency and coverage.

There are different types of regression testing, including:

1. Retest all: Re-executing all test cases, which provides the highest level of confidence but is also the most time-consuming.

2. Regression test selection: Identifying and executing only the test cases that are affected by the changes, reducing the testing effort.

3. Prioritized regression test selection: Selecting and executing test cases based on their importance or risk, focusing on the most critical functionalities.

Regression testing is an ongoing process that should be integrated into the software development lifecycle. It helps maintain the quality and stability of the software application, ensuring that it continues to meet user expectations and requirements. By regularly performing regression testing, developers can identify and address issues early, reducing the risk of defects reaching the production environment.