reformatsioonile

Reformatsioonile refers to a historical period of religious and political upheaval in Europe, primarily during the 16th century. This movement, often called the Protestant Reformation, challenged the authority and doctrines of the Roman Catholic Church. Key figures like Martin Luther, John Calvin, and Huldrych Zwingli played pivotal roles, advocating for reforms based on their interpretation of scripture.

The core tenets of the Reformation included the emphasis on sola scriptura (scripture alone), sola fide (faith alone), and sola gratia (grace alone), contrasting with Catholic teachings that stressed tradition, good works, and papal authority. Luther's Ninety-five Theses, published in 1517, is widely considered a catalyst, criticizing practices such as the sale of indulgences.

The Reformation led to the fragmentation of Western Christianity, with the emergence of various Protestant denominations including Lutheranism, Calvinism, and Anglicanism. This religious division had profound political consequences, sparking wars and reshaping alliances across Europe. It also fostered intellectual developments and contributed to the rise of nation-states. The impact of the Reformation is still felt today in the diverse landscape of Christian churches and in broader cultural and political traditions.