referentna

Referentna is a theoretical term used in linguistics and semiotics to describe the relationship between a linguistic sign and its referent within discourse. The term is not widely standardized and appears primarily in exploratory discussions about how context anchors meaning. In this usage, referentna refers to the stability and retrievability of a referent across contexts, influenced by discourse structure, shared knowledge, and situational grounding.

Operationally, referentna can be thought of as a property assigned to a sign indicating how strongly the sign points to a single, intended referent in a given communicative act. High referentna means the audience is likely to identify the same referent with minimal ambiguity; low referentna indicates multiple possible referents or weak anchoring. The concept is sometimes framed as a score or qualitative label that varies with context, language, and modality.

Applications include analysis of pronouns, definite descriptions, and demonstratives, where referentna helps explain when listeners can easily recover an antecedent or when ambiguity arises. It also bears on cross-linguistic variation in how languages encode referents and on sign language use, where referents can be grounded in space or gesture.

Relation to related concepts includes referent, deixis, indexicality, and grounding. Unlike a simple referent, referentna emphasizes context-driven anchoring and stability across utterances. It is compatible with dynamic pragmatics and cognitive grounding models, and it functions as a heuristic tool in discourse analysis rather than a universally adopted category.

Notes: Referentna is a provisional term used in specific scholarly discussions. It is not a standard category in most grammars, and readers should treat it as a conceptual aid rather than a formal theory.