realrätt

Realrätt, or real property law, is a branch of Swedish law that governs the ownership, use, and transfer of real estate and related rights. It is a specialized area that intersects with civil law, tax law, and administrative law, ensuring legal clarity and security in property transactions.

The foundation of realrätt is rooted in the Swedish Civil Code (*Svenska civillagen*), particularly Book 9, which outlines rules for property ownership, land registration, and encumbrances. Key concepts include *fastighet* (real estate), which refers to land and any permanent structures attached to it, and *äganderätt* (ownership rights), which defines the legal status of property holders. Unlike some other legal systems, Sweden employs a *cadastre* system, where all real estate is officially registered, providing transparency and reducing disputes.

Property transactions in Sweden are governed by strict formalities. A sale or transfer of real estate must be documented in the *fastighetsregistret* (land registry), and the buyer typically assumes the seller’s existing debts or obligations tied to the property. Mortgages (*panrätt*) and other encumbrances are also recorded in the registry, ensuring potential buyers are aware of any financial claims against the property.

Realrätt also addresses issues such as inheritance, zoning regulations (*detaljplan*), and environmental protections. Inheritance laws determine how property passes upon death, often following strict succession rules unless modified by a will. Municipal planning laws influence how land can be developed, balancing public and private interests.

Legal disputes in realrätt are resolved through courts, with the *Högsta Domstolen* (Supreme Court) serving as the highest authority. Attorneys specializing in real property law (*fastighetsrättsliga advokater*) assist clients with transactions, disputes, and compliance with regulatory requirements. Given its complexity, realrätt is essential for both private property owners and public authorities in Sweden.