realensis

Eriophorum realensis is a perennial sedge in the family Cyperaceae. The species was first described in 2023 by botanists L. M. Andrade and P. J. Torres following fieldwork in the alpine regions of the Sierra Real in central Spain. The name realensis refers to its type locality within the Sierra Real range.

Morphologically E. realensis resembles other members of the genus Eriophorum, but distinguishes itself by its taller culms, reaching up to 80 centimetres, and by its brownish inflorescences that are less densely clustered than those of the close relative Eriophorum angustifolium. The leaves are narrow, typically 4–5 mm wide, and exhibit a faint reddish tinge when mature. The species produces a single terminal spikelet containing a single fertile female flower, a characteristic uncommon among Eriophorum species.

The species occurs at elevations between 1,200 and 1,600 metres, primarily occupying wet, peat-rich soils in rocky alpine meadows. It tolerates cold temperatures and a short growing season, emerging in early spring and completing seed production by late July. In situ observations have recorded its presence in a narrow band of the Sierra Real, although preliminary surveys suggest it may also inhabit similar high‑altitude sites in neighboring mountain ranges.

Eriophorum realensis is of conservation interest due to its restricted distribution and the increasing threat of climate change to alpine habitats. The species has not yet been evaluated by the IUCN Red List, but habitat degradation and precipitation shifts may limit its future viability. Further ecological studies are recommended to determine its population size, reproductive biology, and potential responses to environmental stress. The discovery of E. realensis adds to the botanical diversity of the Sierra Real and provides insight into the adaptation of sedges to alpine ecosystems.