reaktortípusok

Reaktortípusok refers to the classification of nuclear reactors based on various characteristics. The most common method of classification is by neutron energy. Thermal reactors, the most prevalent type, use a moderator to slow down fast neutrons produced by fission to thermal energies, where they are more likely to cause further fission. This includes light-water reactors (LWRs), heavy-water reactors (HWRs), and graphite-moderated reactors. Fast reactors, on the other hand, operate with unmoderated neutrons, utilizing their high energy to sustain the chain reaction.

Another classification is by coolant. Water is the most common coolant, used in pressurized water reactors (PWRs) and boiling water reactors (BWRs), both types of LWRs. Heavy water is used in CANDU reactors (a type of HWR). Gas-cooled reactors utilize gases like helium or carbon dioxide as coolants. Liquid metal coolants, such as sodium or lead, are employed in some fast reactor designs.

Revisiting the moderator, it can be water (light or heavy), graphite, or absent in fast reactors. Fuel type also leads to categorization, with uranium dioxide being the most common, though mixed-oxide (MOX) fuel containing plutonium is also used, particularly in some fast reactors. Reactor designs can also be distinguished by their purpose, such as power reactors for electricity generation, research reactors for scientific experiments, and breeding reactors designed to produce more fissile material than they consume. Understanding these different reaktortípusok is crucial for discussing nuclear technology and safety.