lightwater

Lightwater is a term used to describe a type of low-enriched uranium (LEU) fuel used in certain nuclear reactors. It is characterized by its low enriched uranium dioxide (UO2) content, typically in the range of 2-5% fissile U-235.

The use of lightwater in nuclear reactors is a departure from the more commonly used high-enriched uranium (HEU) fuel. LEU, including lightwater, is considered a safer and more proliferation-resistant alternative, as it requires less sensitive and potentially explosive materials. This also makes it more suitable for use in mixed-oxide (MOX) fuel cycles, which combine different isotopes of uranium.

Lightwater is often used in pressurized water reactors (PWRs), a design that makes up a significant portion of the world's nuclear power fleet. These reactors typically operate at higher pressures, allowing the use of water as a coolant and also as a moderator, absorbing neutrons and facilitating the fission reaction.

Compared to traditional HEU fuels, lightwater offers a significant increase in nuclear safety and security, as it significantly reduces the risk of nuclear weapon proliferation. However, the use of lightwater also increases the amount of spent fuel generated and requires more complex fuel reprocessing technology. Research and development in the use of lightwater has been ongoing in various countries, aiming to improve its efficiency and minimize its costs.

The production of lightwater is a complex task requiring the application of several special processes, such as re-enrichment of depleted uranium and recycling of LEU. As with any advanced nuclear technology, its large-scale implementation will necessitate ongoing technological advancements and infrastructure investments.