ranuli

Ranuli are a type of benign cyst that can form in the floor of the mouth, often appearing as a bluish swelling. They are a type of ranula, which is a mucus extravasation cyst arising from the sublingual salivary gland. The term "ranula" comes from the Latin word for "tadpole" due to the cyst's appearance.

The formation of a ranula is typically attributed to trauma or blockage of a salivary duct. When the duct of the sublingual gland is damaged or obstructed, mucus can leak into the surrounding connective tissue, leading to cyst formation. They can vary in size and may cause discomfort or difficulty with speech, eating, or swallowing depending on their dimensions.

Diagnosis of a ranula is usually made through a physical examination. Imaging studies such as ultrasound or MRI may be used to confirm the diagnosis and assess the extent of the cyst. Treatment options depend on the size and symptoms of the ranula. Small, asymptomatic ranuli may be observed. Larger or symptomatic ranuli may require surgical intervention, which can include drainage, marsupialization (creating an opening for drainage), or complete excision of the cyst and possibly the sublingual gland. Recurrence is possible, especially if the underlying cause is not fully addressed.