rakkvõimik

Rakkvõimik, often translated as "cell nucleus" or "nuclear envelope," refers to the complex structure within eukaryotic cells that encloses the genetic material. This double membrane, also known as the nuclear membrane or karyotheca, separates the contents of the nucleus from the cytoplasm. The nuclear envelope is perforated by nuclear pores, which regulate the passage of molecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. These pores are crucial for processes such as gene expression, where messenger RNA (mRNA) is exported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis.

The outer membrane of the nuclear envelope is often continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum, another membrane-bound organelle involved in protein and lipid synthesis. The inner membrane is lined by the nuclear lamina, a meshwork of intermediate filaments that provides structural support to the nucleus and plays a role in DNA replication and gene regulation.

The primary function of the rakkvõimik is to protect the cell's DNA from mechanical and chemical damage. It also plays a vital role in organizing the genetic material and facilitating the processes of transcription and replication. Disruptions to the nuclear envelope are associated with various cellular dysfunctions and diseases, highlighting its fundamental importance in cellular life.