radionecrose

Radionecrosis is a medical condition characterized by the death of healthy tissue that occurs after radiation therapy. It is a delayed complication that can develop months or even years after treatment. The radiation damages the blood vessels supplying the affected tissue, leading to a reduction in blood flow and oxygen. This lack of oxygen and nutrients causes the cells to die, resulting in tissue necrosis.

The symptoms of radionecrosis depend on the location and extent of the damage. Common symptoms include pain, swelling, skin changes such as redness, blistering, or ulceration, and functional impairment of the affected organ or limb. For example, radionecrosis in the brain can cause neurological deficits like weakness, numbness, or seizures. Radionecrosis in bone can lead to fractures and chronic pain.

Diagnosis of radionecrosis involves a combination of clinical examination, imaging studies such as MRI or CT scans, and sometimes a biopsy to confirm the absence of other conditions like infection or tumor recurrence. Treatment for radionecrosis is often challenging and focuses on managing symptoms and preventing further damage. Options may include hyperbaric oxygen therapy, surgical debridement of necrotic tissue, or reconstructive surgery. In some cases, medications to reduce inflammation or promote healing may be used. Prevention strategies include careful radiation planning to minimize the dose to surrounding healthy tissues and appropriate patient selection for radiation therapy.