radiofarmakon

Radiopharmakon is a term derived from Greek words meaning "radiation" and "medicine." It refers to radioactive drugs or substances used in medical imaging and therapy. These radiopharmaceuticals consist of a radioactive isotope attached to a biologically active molecule that targets specific organs, tissues, or cells in the body.

In diagnostic imaging, radiopharmaceuticals are administered to patients and then detected by specialized scanners like PET (Positron Emission Tomography) or SPECT (Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography) cameras. The distribution and concentration of the radiotracer reveal physiological information, helping to diagnose diseases such as cancer, heart disease, and neurological disorders. For example, fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) labeled with fluorine-18 is commonly used in PET scans to detect metabolically active tumors.

Therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals, also known as radiotherapeutics, are used to treat diseases, primarily cancer. In this application, the radioactive component emits radiation that damages or destroys cancerous cells. Iodine-131 used to treat thyroid cancer is a well-known example. The radioactive atom is often incorporated into a molecule that is selectively taken up by the target cells, minimizing damage to healthy tissues. The development and use of radiopharmakons are integral to nuclear medicine, offering non-invasive diagnostic capabilities and targeted treatment options.