qishda

Qishda is a temporal expression used in Uzbek to mean “in winter” or “during the winter season.” It functions as a verbal modifier that indicates when an action takes place, and it is typically placed before the verb. The form is derived from the noun qish (winter) plus the locative suffix -da, with phonological adjustment resulting in qishda.

Etymology and formation: The base word qish denotes winter. The suffix -da marks location or time in Uzbek, and when attached to qish it yields qishda, literally “in the winter.” This construction is common in both written and spoken Uzbek and does not constitute a separate lexeme.

Usage: Qishda is used to describe events or states that occur during winter. For example, Qishda kunlar qisqa bo‘ladi translates to “In winter, the days are short.” Qishda ko‘proq issiq ichimliklar ichishadi means “In winter, people drink more hot beverages.” The expression can modify verbs directly and can appear at the beginning of a clause or clause-initially for emphasis.

Notes: In Uzbek grammar, qishda is classified as a temporal adverbial expression formed from a noun plus a locative suffix. It may be complemented by additional time expressions such as yilning qishida to specify a more precise winter period.