pórusnyomás

Pórusnyomás, also known as pore pressure, refers to the pressure exerted by fluids (usually water or hydrocarbons) within the pores of a rock or sediment. It is a critical concept in geology, petroleum engineering, and hydrogeology. Pore pressure is influenced by various factors, including the depth of the formation, the type of rock, and the presence of fluids. It plays a significant role in determining the stability of geological formations, the behavior of fluids within the subsurface, and the success of drilling operations in the oil and gas industry.

In sedimentary rocks, pore pressure typically increases with depth due to the weight of overlying sediments. However, in some cases, pore pressure can be abnormally high, a condition known as overpressure. Overpressure can occur due to various mechanisms, such as the compaction of fine-grained sediments, the migration of fluids, or the presence of hydrocarbon deposits. Overpressure can lead to geological hazards, such as wellbore instability and landslides, and it can also affect the flow of fluids within the subsurface.

Pore pressure is measured using specialized tools, such as formation pressure tests and repeat formation tester (RFT) surveys. These measurements are essential for understanding the subsurface environment, designing drilling programs, and managing reservoir fluids. In the oil and gas industry, pore pressure data is used to optimize well placement, prevent wellbore instability, and enhance hydrocarbon recovery.

In summary, pórusnyomás is a fundamental concept in the study of the Earth's subsurface. It influences the behavior of fluids and the stability of geological formations, and it plays a crucial role in various industries, including oil and gas exploration and production. Understanding and measuring pore pressure is essential for safe and efficient subsurface operations.