pääverkon

Pääverkon is a term used to describe the central or backbone part of a network that carries the majority of traffic or power between smaller or peripheral networks. It is designed to provide long-distance, high-capacity connectivity and to ensure reliability through redundancy. Different domains use the concept with domain-specific meaning: in electrical power systems, in telecommunications, and in transport networks.

In electrical engineering, pääverkko refers to the high-voltage transmission network that moves large amounts of electricity from power plants to regional or local distribution networks and to interconnections with other grids. It consists of transmission lines, major substations, and interconnections. The network is typically operated by a Transmission System Operator (TSO), responsible for system integrity, balancing supply and demand, and cross-border trade. Its performance affects system reliability, voltage quality, and the ability to integrate new generation, such as renewables.

In Finland, the nationwide transmission network is operated by Fingrid Oyj, which coordinates cross-border links and maintains grid stability in cooperation with distribution system operators and energy market participants.

In telecommunications, pääverkon means the core or backbone network that interconnects regional networks and carries the majority of long-distance traffic; built on high-capacity links, often fiber, and uses routing protocols and core routers; it provides interconnectivity between access networks.

Modernization trends include integration of distributed energy resources, smart-grid technologies, HVDC links for long-distance connections, and measures to improve resilience and cybersecurity.