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A pub/sub system, short for publish-subscribe system, is a messaging pattern used in software architecture. It facilitates asynchronous communication between different parts of an application or between different applications. In a pub/sub system, there are three main components: publishers, subscribers, and a message broker. Publishers produce messages and send them to the broker without knowing who will receive them. Subscribers express interest in specific types of messages and receive them from the broker when they are published. The message broker acts as an intermediary, receiving messages from publishers and routing them to the relevant subscribers.

This decoupling is a key advantage of pub/sub. Publishers don't need to know about subscribers, and subscribers don't need to know about publishers. This makes systems more flexible and scalable. New subscribers can be added or existing ones removed without affecting the publishers, and vice versa. This pattern is widely used in microservices architectures, event-driven systems, and real-time data processing. It allows for efficient distribution of information and enables components to react to events without direct dependencies. Examples of technologies that implement pub/sub patterns include Apache Kafka, RabbitMQ, and Google Cloud Pub/Sub. The system generally ensures that messages are delivered reliably, although specific implementations can vary in their guarantees.