psycopg

psycopg is a popular open-source Python adapter for the PostgreSQL database. It allows Python applications to interact with PostgreSQL databases, enabling operations such as connecting, querying, and manipulating data. Psycopg is known for its robustness, performance, and adherence to the Python Database API Specification (PEP 249).

The library provides a familiar interface for Python developers, making it easy to execute SQL commands and retrieve results. It supports a wide range of PostgreSQL data types, including complex ones like arrays, JSON, and geometric types, and provides mechanisms for mapping these types to Python objects. This facilitates seamless data exchange between Python and PostgreSQL.

Psycopg is implemented in C, which contributes to its efficiency. It offers different versions, with psycopg3 (also known as psycopg) being the latest iteration, featuring significant improvements in performance, connection pooling, and asynchronous support compared to its predecessor, psycopg2. The library is actively maintained and widely used in various web frameworks and applications that rely on PostgreSQL as their backend. Installation is typically done via pip.