przywspóczulni

Przywspółczulni, often translated as the parasympathetic nervous system, is one of the two main divisions of the autonomic nervous system, which controls involuntary bodily functions. Its primary role is to conserve energy and promote "rest and digest" activities. When the parasympathetic nervous system is active, it slows down heart rate, increases intestinal and gland activity, and relaxes sphincter muscles. This state is in contrast to the sympathetic nervous system, which prepares the body for "fight or flight" responses.

The parasympathetic nervous system is composed of cranial nerves and sacral spinal nerves. Key cranial nerves involved include the oculomotor nerve, facial nerve, glossopharyngeal nerve, and vagus nerve. The vagus nerve is particularly significant, innervating many organs in the thoracic and abdominal cavities. Stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system leads to effects such as pupil constriction, increased salivation, slowing of the heart, and enhanced digestion. These actions help the body to recover from stressful situations and maintain homeostasis. Dysfunction of the parasympathetic nervous system can lead to various health issues, affecting digestion, heart rate regulation, and other essential bodily processes.