proximité

Proximité is a concept describing nearness or closeness between objects, people, or places. The term comes from Latin proximus, meaning nearest. In everyday use, proximité refers to physical distance as well as relational or temporal closeness, and it is often defined relative to a chosen metric or context.

In geography and urban planning, proximity to amenities such as housing, schools, work locations, and transportation influences land use, property values, and the design of neighborhoods. Proximity is a key factor in walkability, transit-oriented development, and urban livability, guiding decisions about where to locate services and how to structure street networks.

In the social sciences, proximity encompasses social and psychological closeness, including perceived similarity, frequency of interaction, and emotional distance. The field of proxemics studies how people use and interpret personal space in different cultures and contexts, highlighting that perceptions of closeness can vary widely.

In technology and science, proximity appears in several areas. Proximity queries in databases and information retrieval search for items near one another in a given space or context. Proximity sensors detect the distance to nearby objects, with applications ranging from consumer electronics to industrial automation. In physics, the proximity effect describes how a superconducting material can induce superconducting properties in an adjacent normal conductor over a short distance.

In French-speaking contexts and related discourse, proximité is often linked to the idea of local services or “shops of proximity” that are easily reachable by residents, emphasizing convenience, accessibility, and community sustainability. See also proxemics, proximity sensor, proximity search, walkability, and vicinity.