provberedning

Provberedning, or sample preparation, refers to the range of procedures used to render a material suitable for analysis, diagnosis, or testing. It covers collection, stabilization, and processing to preserve structure and reveal features relevant to the planned analysis.

In clinical settings, provberedning is central to histology and pathology. Tissue samples obtained by biopsy or surgery are fixed to preserve morphology (often with formalin), dehydrated, cleared, and embedded in paraffin. Thin sections are cut with a microtome, mounted on slides, and stained for microscopic evaluation.

In microbiology and biochemistry, sample prep includes homogenization, filtration, extraction, and concentration to remove interfering substances, enable assay sensitivity, and meet analytical requirements. Chemical prep may involve digestion, dilution, and the use of solvents, buffers, and standards.

Automation and equipment such as tissue processors, microtomes, cryostats, slide stainers, and automated extractors support consistent prep. Manual handling remains common for some samples. Quality control measures include proper labeling, documentation, controls, and validation of procedures.

Challenges and safety considerations include contamination, degradation, cross-contamination, and exposure to hazardous reagents. Compliance with biosafety and chemical hygiene regulations, as well as proper waste disposal, are essential.

The term encompasses routine procedures and advanced techniques such as immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, and mass spectrometry sample preparation.