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Proteinuria, also known as albuminuria when it specifically refers to the presence of albumin, is the presence of an abnormal amount of protein in the urine. Normally, the kidneys filter waste products from the blood while retaining essential proteins. When the kidneys are damaged or not functioning properly, they may allow protein to leak into the urine.

Proteinuria can be a sign of kidney disease, such as chronic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy. It can also be associated with other medical conditions, including high blood pressure, pre-eclampsia during pregnancy, heart disease, and certain infections or autoimmune disorders. In some cases, temporary proteinuria can occur due to factors like fever, strenuous exercise, or dehydration, and this is usually not indicative of a serious underlying problem.

The diagnosis of proteinuria is typically made through a urinalysis. The amount of protein detected can help healthcare providers assess the severity of kidney damage or the risk of developing kidney disease. Depending on the underlying cause, treatment may involve managing the primary condition, such as controlling blood sugar in diabetes or lowering blood pressure. Early detection and management of proteinuria are crucial for preventing further kidney damage and preserving kidney function.