proteasomien
Proteasomes are multisubunit protease complexes that degrade most intracellular proteins tagged with ubiquitin, a central process in cellular protein homeostasis. By removing damaged, misfolded, or regulatory proteins, they influence cell cycle progression, signaling pathways, and stress responses.
The core particle, or 20S proteasome, is a cylindrical structure formed by four stacked rings: two outer
Most cellular proteolysis uses the 26S proteasome, a complex in which the 20S core is capped at
Immunoproteasomes are specialized proteasomes formed when immune cells express alternative catalytic subunits (β1i/LMP2, β2i/MECL-1, β5i/LMP7) that
Clinically, impaired or dysregulated proteasome activity is linked to cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and aging. Proteasome inhibitors