proteaasimatriisi

Proteaasimatriisi refers to a group of enzymes known as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). These enzymes are responsible for degrading extracellular matrix proteins. MMPs play a crucial role in various physiological processes, including tissue remodeling, wound healing, and cell migration. However, their dysregulation has been implicated in numerous pathological conditions, such as cancer, arthritis, and cardiovascular diseases.

There are over 20 different types of MMPs, each with specific substrate preferences and functions. They are characterized by their requirement for a zinc ion at the active site. MMPs are synthesized as inactive proenzymes that are activated by proteolytic cleavage. Their activity is tightly regulated by endogenous inhibitors called tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs).

In cancer, MMPs are often overexpressed and contribute to tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis by breaking down the surrounding tissue, allowing cancer cells to spread. In arthritis, MMPs can degrade cartilage, leading to joint damage and inflammation. Targeting MMPs has been a focus of therapeutic research for these diseases, although achieving selective inhibition without causing adverse effects remains a challenge. The balance between MMPs and TIMPs is critical for maintaining tissue homeostasis.